Review on the modifications of natural and industrial waste CaO based sorbent of calcium looping with enhanced CO2 capture capacity.

The calcium looping cycle (CaL) possesses outstanding CO2 capture capacity for future carbon-capturing technologies that utilise CaO sorbents to capture the CO2 in a looping cycle. However, sorbent degradation and the presence of inert materials stabilise the sorbent, thereby reducing the CO2 capture capacity. Consequently, the CaO sorbent that has degraded must be replenished, increasing the operational cost for industrial use. CaO sorbents have been modified to enhance their CO2 capture capacity and stability. However, various CaO sorbents, including limestone, dolomite, biogenesis calcium waste and industrial waste, exhibit distinct behaviour in response to these modifications. Thus, this work comprehensively reviews the CO2 capture capacity of sorbent improvement based on various CaO sorbents. Furthermore, this study provides an understanding of the effects of CO2 capture capacity based on the properties of the CaO sorbent. The properties of various CaO sorbents, such as surface area, pore volume, particle size and morphology, are influential in exhibiting high CO2 capture capacity. This review provides insights into the future development of CaL technology, particularly for carbon-capturing technologies that focus on the modifications of CaO sorbents and the properties that affect the CO2 capture capacity.

The Effect of Cerium Oxide Addition on the Properties and Behavior of Y-TZP.

The effects of CeO2 addition on the sintering behavior and mechanical properties of Y-TZP have been investigated over a wide sintering regime by pressureless sintering. It has been revealed that small additions of CeO2 (0.3-1.0 wt%) to Y-TZP were beneficial in enhancing the mechanical properties and hydrothermal ageing resistance of Y-TZP. Sintered samples were used to evaluate the bulk density, Vickers's hardness, Young's modulus, and fracture toughness of the material. CeO2 doped Y-TZPs were sintered at relatively low temperatures (1250°C and 1350°C) retaining high bulk density (>97% of theoretical density) and high Young's modulus (>200 GPa) without sacrificing tetragonal phase stability. The optimum level of dopant was found to be at 0.5 wt% for sintering between 1250°C and 1450°C using the standard 2 h holding time cycle, with sintered body exhibiting excellent combination of properties when compared to the undoped ceramics. In this experiment, the addition of 0.5 wt% recorded a bulk density reading of 5.9 g/cm(3), Vickers hardness value of 13.2 GPa, Young's modulus value of 211 GPa, and fracture toughness of 6.4 MPam(1/2), respectively, in a temperature range of 1400-1450°C.